Source: Contemporary World, No. 5, 2025

Abstract: Since the Arab Spring, Saudi diplomacy has gone through a process from quietism to radicalism and back to moderation, aiming to create a favorable environment for the economic transformation of Vision 2030. The new round of Israeli-Palestinian conflict has disrupted Saudi Arabia's diplomatic layout, but Saudi Arabia has actively responded to the changes in the Middle East, successfully solved the diplomatic dilemma by means of balanced diplomacy, public diplomacy and other means, and calmly responded to geopolitical shocks such as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the Red Sea Crisis, and the drastic changes in Syria, and solidified the achievements of the rapprochement with Iran. Saudi Arabia has implemented a diversified and balanced strategy among the big powers, maintained stable relations with them, and played a major mediating role in the Ukraine crisis, effectively enhancing its international status and influence. Saudi Arabia's diplomacy is led by its nationalism and domestic development transformation agenda, and it is committed to safeguarding its national interests and enhancing its strategic autonomy; moderation, pragmatism and aggressiveness will be the main features of its foreign policy in the future.

Keywords: Saudi Diplomacy; Israeli-Palestinian Conflict; Middle East Changes; Geopolitics